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Unveiling the Early Signs of Schizophrenia in Adults

August 10, 2023

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Schizophrenia, a complex and often misunderstood condition, can impact individuals in various ways, and early detection is paramount for timely intervention and effective management. Throughout this blog, we empower you with the knowledge to recognize behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal shifts that could potentially indicate the presence of schizophrenia. By equipping ourselves with this understanding, we pave the way for informed decisions and compassionate support, fostering a path towards mental well-being.

Recognizing Behavioral Changes

When it comes to schizophrenia in adults, being attuned to these behavioral changes is of paramount importance. One of the primary behavioral red flags is a noticeable alteration in social engagement. Individuals might start withdrawing from social activities, isolating themselves from friends, family, and social gatherings that once brought them joy. This withdrawal can manifest as a decrease in communication, reluctance to participate in conversations, and an overall decline in the desire to connect with others. Additionally, changes in personal hygiene and self-care routines may become evident. Neglecting grooming habits or displaying a lack of interest in maintaining one’s appearance could signal a potential shift in mental well-being.

Another behavioral aspect to watch for is a disruption in daily routines. Schizophrenia might lead to erratic changes in sleep patterns, appetite, and overall daily structure. Individuals could experience insomnia or oversleeping, sudden fluctuations in weight, and a loss of interest in activities they previously enjoyed. These disruptions can have a cascading effect on their ability to function optimally in both personal and professional spheres.

Cognitive Transformations to Watch For

One of the notable cognitive changes is the alteration in thinking patterns. Individuals could begin experiencing disorganized thinking, struggling to maintain coherent and logical thoughts. This might manifest as difficulty in expressing ideas coherently, jumping between unrelated topics, or even incorporating tangential and illogical connections into their speech. Such shifts can impact their ability to effectively communicate and engage in meaningful conversations, often leading to confusion among those interacting with them.

Furthermore, perceptual alterations can offer critical insights into potential mental health concerns. Individuals may start experiencing distortions in their perception of reality, leading to perceptual disturbances known as “hallucinations.” These hallucinations can affect any of the senses, causing individuals to see, hear, feel, taste, or smell things that aren’t actually present. Additionally, they might develop “delusions,” which are false beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary. Delusions can take various forms, such as believing in paranoid ideas, grandiose notions, or even feeling controlled by external forces.

Emotional Telltale Signs

One prominent emotional red flag is the sudden and unexplained shift in mood. Individuals might experience intense mood swings, oscillating between periods of euphoria, irritability, or sadness without a clear external trigger. These erratic emotional fluctuations can be perplexing not only for the individuals themselves but also for those around them, highlighting the importance of understanding their potential connection to mental health concerns.

Moreover, a decline in emotional expression can signal a deeper emotional disturbance. Individuals might exhibit a reduced range of emotional expression, appearing emotionally flat or detached from situations that would typically evoke a response. This phenomenon, known as “blunted affect,” can manifest as a lack of facial expressions, diminished vocal inflections, and an overall sense of emotional disconnect. Friends, family, and coworkers may notice this change in emotional responsiveness, prompting a need for careful consideration and support.

Navigating Social and Interpersonal Shifts

The intricacies of schizophrenia extend beyond individual experiences, often revealing their presence through shifts in social dynamics and interpersonal interactions. Recognizing and understanding these changes is pivotal in deciphering the early signs of the disorder. A noticeable alteration in social engagement is a key aspect to watch for. Individuals might gradually withdraw from social circles, displaying reduced interest in once-enjoyed social activities and conversations. This withdrawal can lead to a sense of isolation, both for the individual and their loved ones, as meaningful connections and interactions become less frequent. As a result, fostering open lines of communication and maintaining a supportive network is essential in navigating these shifting social landscapes.

Additionally, changes in the perception of relationships and interactions might come to the forefront. Individuals at the onset of schizophrenia could exhibit difficulty in maintaining meaningful relationships due to their altered perceptions of trust and reality. They might develop unfounded suspicions or paranoia, making it challenging to engage in healthy, reciprocal relationships. Friends and family might notice increased skepticism, withdrawal from emotional connections, and reluctance to share thoughts or experiences. By sensitively navigating these social and interpersonal shifts, those close to the individual can contribute to creating an environment of understanding and empathy, fostering a supportive foundation for addressing potential schizophrenia-related concerns.

Conclusion

At Interborough Mental Health Institute, we stand as a beacon of support and expertise, committed to providing compassionate care and evidence-based solutions for those navigating the complexities of mental health challenges. Our team of dedicated professionals is equipped with the understanding and experience needed to guide individuals and their loved ones through the intricate landscape of schizophrenia. With a holistic approach that encompasses behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal dimensions, we empower individuals to take proactive strides towards early detection, intervention, and management.

Decoding the Age of OCD Diagnosis: Unveiling Common Timelines and Patterns

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August 8, 2023

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Within the realm of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) research, this blog delves into an intricate analysis of the age-related dynamics surrounding its diagnosis. The focal point lies in deciphering the prevalent patterns and timelines that dictate the emergence of OCD. With a tone that resonates professionalism and a commitment to accessibility, the discourse navigates through the complexities, aiming to provide a comprehensive comprehension of how OCD manifests at distinct life stages.

Early Signs and Symptoms of OCD in Children and Adolescents

Recognizing the initial indications of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents is paramount for timely intervention and support. At a tender age, individuals may exhibit a range of subtle yet telling behaviors that hint at an underlying OCD diagnosis. Common early signs include an obsession with cleanliness and hygiene, frequently washing hands or using hand sanitizers to an excessive extent. Moreover, meticulous rituals in daily routines, such as arranging objects symmetrically or counting steps, may become apparent. Children and adolescents grappling with OCD might also display an intense need for order and symmetry, leading to distress if their surroundings are perceived as disorganized. Frequent checking behaviors, such as ensuring doors are locked or switches are turned off repeatedly, are additional telltale signs to watch for. These early indicators, while seemingly innocuous, hold significant diagnostic value and can offer crucial insights for parents, teachers, and healthcare professionals to initiate early interventions.

In addition to observable behaviors, internal distress and emotional turmoil often manifest in children and adolescents with OCD. Anxiety and unease caused by intrusive thoughts or obsessions are frequently experienced. These intrusive thoughts, which may revolve around themes of harm, contamination, or perfectionism, can deeply affect a young individual’s emotional well-being. Adolescents might be reluctant to discuss these distressing thoughts, which can further exacerbate their struggles. Heightened levels of stress and frustration might lead to emotional outbursts or withdrawal from social interactions.

Navigating the Adolescent Years: OCD Identification and Diagnosis

The adolescent phase, characterized by rapid physical, emotional, and cognitive changes, presents a unique set of challenges when it comes to identifying and diagnosing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Amidst the complexities of this transitional period, distinguishing between normative behaviors and potential OCD symptoms becomes a delicate task. Adolescents may mask their struggles, making it crucial for parents, educators, and healthcare providers to be astute observers.

During these years, OCD symptoms might manifest in subtle and evolving ways. Adolescents could engage in covert rituals or mental compulsions, attempting to alleviate the distress caused by intrusive thoughts. These mental compulsions can involve mentally counting or repeating phrases to neutralize obsessive fears. Moreover, the pursuit of perfectionism might intensify, with a strong fear of making mistakes leading to procrastination or avoidance behaviors. Social and academic pressures further exacerbate the challenges faced by adolescents with OCD, potentially contributing to increased stress and anxiety. As OCD symptoms intertwine with the normal turmoil of adolescence, thorough communication and an empathetic approach become crucial tools in identifying signs of OCD.

The diagnostic process in adolescence requires a multidimensional perspective, involving collaboration between parents, educators, mental health professionals, and the affected individual. As adolescents strive for autonomy and identity formation, addressing the stigmatization of mental health issues is paramount. Timely access to specialized assessment and treatment resources ensures that the disruptive impact of OCD on academic performance, social interactions, and emotional well-being is mitigated.

Beyond Adolescence: Adult Onset of OCD and Diagnostic Parameters

As individuals transition from adolescence to adulthood, the landscape of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) diagnosis evolves, ushering in a new set of considerations. Adult-onset OCD can present itself unexpectedly, sometimes masking its presence behind the demands of daily life. Unlike childhood or adolescent onset, where symptoms often surface during developmental milestones, adult-onset OCD may emerge in response to stressors, life changes, or even after periods of relative stability.

Adults experiencing OCD may find their rituals and compulsions encroaching upon work responsibilities, relationships, and overall quality of life. Themes of contamination, harm, symmetry, or forbidden thoughts remain prevalent, but the manifestations may be more nuanced and concealed. It’s not uncommon for adults with OCD to develop intricate avoidance strategies, whereby they restructure their routines or environments to circumvent distressing triggers. Identifying these covert behaviors and their effects becomes a cornerstone of diagnosis, often requiring a careful review of personal history and recent life events.

Seeking Clarity: Late Onset OCD Diagnosis and Considerations

Navigating the realm of late-onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) diagnosis delves into a unique territory, where the interplay of life experience, aging, and mental health becomes profoundly intricate. While OCD often gains recognition in younger years, its emergence in late adulthood poses distinctive challenges due to the convergence of age-related changes and psychological factors.

Late-onset OCD can be triggered by life events such as retirement, health concerns, or the loss of a loved one, stirring previously dormant anxieties. These triggers can unmask obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors that were previously controlled or unnoticed. The diagnostic process for late-onset cases entails a meticulous assessment of the individual’s life trajectory and a thorough examination of changes in behaviors, routines, and emotional well-being. Distinguishing between age-related cognitive changes and genuine OCD symptoms requires a nuanced understanding of the disorder and its diverse manifestations.

Furthermore, considerations regarding comorbidities and the potential impact of late-onset OCD on an individual’s overall health come to the forefront. Late adulthood often sees an accumulation of physical and mental health concerns, necessitating a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment. Mental health professionals must collaborate closely with medical practitioners to ensure a holistic understanding of the individual’s well-being.

Bipolar

BIPOLAR

Occasional irritability and moodiness are common as the aging progresses. This is usually due to the assorted aches and pains that are felt as the body grows older. However, if the behaviors or moods become extreme, this could indicate the onset of Bipolar disorder later in life. Bipolar disorder is a mental health disorder characterized by extreme highs and lows in mood and energy.

The severe shifts that happen in Bipolar disorder can have a serious impact on a person’s life. Researchers are also discovering that Bipolar disorder doesn’t “disappear” as adults grow older. Studies show that the symptoms often worsen over time though this might also be due to misdiagnosis.

Symptoms of Bipolar disorder fall into two categories:

Mania and Depression: Mania which can last up to three months if untreated, may include symptoms such as high energy, reduced need for sleep, and loss of touch with reality. Depression may include symptoms such as low energy, low motivation, and loss of interest in daily activities. These episodes could come before or after a manic, hypomanic, or normal period of mood episodes can last days or months at a time and may also be associated with suicidal thoughts.

Bipolar disorder is often misdiagnosed in seniors because many times the symptoms are slightly different.

Some of the other symptoms commonly noted in seniors with Bipolar disorder include:

When Bipolar disorder does appear in adults over 60, the symptoms can be sudden and severe. It often seems to cycle faster between Depression and mania, and some seniors report experiencing both episodes at the same time. Seniors with Bipolar disorder frequently experience problems with cognitive function that often include:

Since these are also common signs of dementia and Alzheimer’s, the Bipolar disorder is often misdiagnosed.

WHY IDCC?

At IDCC, we are proud to have helped many seniors learn to cope with their Bipolar Disorder. As this disorder can affect those close to the individual who is experiencing symptoms, including family and friends, clinicians are trained to include them into the recovery process. Creating this support system helps improve results, enabling the individual to manage living with Bipolar Disorder.

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Many of the medications that work well for younger patients may be problematic for seniors. Additionally, Bipolar disorder medications can react with other medications that older adults commonly take. Lastly, some pre-existing conditions can also interfere with the common treatments. Medications also take effect at different rates for seniors, this can make finding the right dosage a long and frustrating experience.

There are also therapy programs that have been created specifically for seniors with Bipolar disorder and the unique problems that they face. These can be extremely beneficial in helping seniors deal with their Bipolar disorder. Simple “talk” therapy also has very successful results among seniors diagnosed with Bipolar disorder. This is thought to be due to the added support seniors receive. This can be especially important if they have lost loved ones or live far away from family.

Anxiety

ANXIETY

Anxiety is common among older adults as they often contract illnesses, encounter unfamiliar social interactions, and experience frightening events. Feeling anxious or nervous in these situations is a common emotion for people of all ages and a normal reaction to stress. But when one feels anxious often and the Anxiety is overwhelming and these feelings affect daily tasks, social life, and relationships, it may be an illness.

Many times, older adults with Anxiety disorders often go untreated for a number of reasons, including:

Older adults often do not recognize or acknowledge their symptoms. Even if they do, they may be reluctant to discuss their feelings with their physicians.
Some older adults may not seek treatment because they have suffered symptoms of Anxiety for most of their lives and believe the feelings are normal.
Both patients and physicians may miss a diagnosis of Anxiety because of other medical conditions or prescription drug use, or particular situations that the patient is coping with.

Late-life Anxiety disorders are a “geriatric giant,” being twice as prevalent as dementia among older adults, and four to eight times more prevalent than major depressive disorders, causing significant impact on the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality of older adults. As Anxiety is treatable, it is important to seek help as early as possible, as mental injury can be avoided.

WHY IDCC?

IDCC’s geriatric therapies involve clinicians that are trained in treating older adults with Anxiety through various approaches. This is important Because mental health disorders like Anxiety, can impair a person’s physical health and ability to function. At the same time, it’s common for older adults to have other medical conditions that can limit the types of therapies used for treating Anxiety. Working with clinicians that have the ability to use various modes of therapy is key for a successful recovery.

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Treatment for an Anxiety disorder can involve cognitive-behavioral therapy, stress reduction, coping skills, and/or medication. In cognitive-behavioral therapy, therapists help people change the thinking patterns that contribute to their fears and the ways they react to Anxiety-provoking situations. A therapist can teach new coping and relaxation skills and help resolve the problems that cause Anxiety.

Therapists can also teach exposure techniques to desensitize the patient to the situations that trigger anxious feelings. Older adults can learn deep breathing and other relaxation techniques to help relieve the Anxiety. Many of IDCC’s trained doctors or therapists can determine the type of disorder or combination of disorders the patient is experiencing, and if any other conditions, such as grief, Depression, substance abuse, or dementia, are present as well.

Medications can include antidepressants, anti-Anxiety drugs or beta-blockers, which help relieve Anxiety by preventing the physical symptoms that go along with certain Anxiety disorders.

Depression With Alzheimer’s

DEPRESSION WITH ALZHEIMER’S

Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia, can often lead to Depression in older adults. In many cases, older adults become depressed when they realize that their memory and ability to function is not as strong as it used to be.

Together, Depression and Alzheimer’s can cause other symptoms. Many who are suffering from this illness do not want to go places or see people anymore, their outlook and quality of life can suffer. Alzheimer’s disease and Depression have many symptoms that are alike. It can be hard to tell the difference between them. If you think that Depression is a problem for your loved one who has Alzheimer’s disease, talk to their doctor.

Examples of symptoms common to both Depression and dementia include:

In addition, the cognitive impairment experienced by people with Alzheimer’s often makes it difficult for them to articulate their sadness, hopelessness, guilt and other feelings associated with Depression.

Depression in Alzheimer’s doesn’t always look like Depression in people without Alzheimer’s. Here are some ways that Depression in a person with Alzheimer’s may be different:

For Depression (without Alzheimer’s) The following signs and symptoms must be present most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks:

Persistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood
Feelings of hopelessness, or pessimism
Irritability
Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness
Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities
Decreased energy or fatigue
Moving or talking more slowly
Feeling restless or having trouble sitting still
Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
Difficulty sleeping, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping
Appetite and/or weight changes
Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts
Aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems without a clear physical cause and/or that do not ease even with treatment

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Several options are available to treat people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and Depression:

Antidepressants. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are usually the first antidepressants chosen for people who have Depression and Alzheimer’s. These medications have a low risk of side effects and drug interactions.

However, these medications may not be as effective at treating Depression with Alzheimer’s as they are at treating Depression alone.

Support groups and counseling. Support groups and professional counseling may help people with Depression in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, before their communication skills deteriorate.

Decreasing social isolation. Continuing to participate in activities with other people may decrease depressive symptoms. It may also be helpful to find ways for your loved one with Alzheimer’s disease to contribute to family activities and let them know you appreciate their contribution.

PTSD / TRAUMA

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Seniors may be at a higher risk for developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) following a traumatic event or having symptoms re-emerge later in life, compared to other groups of people in our society.

Research has shown that approximately 70% of adults in the United States have experienced a traumatic event at least once in their lives. Many times, posttraumatic stress symptoms can emerge or reemerge later in life whether the individual was treated for a particular event or not.

There are several suggestions on why PTSD often emerges for individuals in their later years, these include:

Some of these symptoms include:

Role changes and functional losses may make coping with memories of earlier trauma more challenging for the older adult. Such stressors include retirement, increased health problems, decreased sensory abilities, reduced income, loss of loved ones, decreased social support, cognitive impairment, and other stressors and causes of functional decline.
Avoidance-based coping is a method for managing posttraumatic stress symptoms in early and mid-life. This can include drinking alcohol or over-committing oneself to work. As adults age, these methods are less available or effective.

Symptoms of PTSD can include nightmares or unwanted memories of the trauma, avoidance of situations that bring back memories of the trauma, heightened reactions, Anxiety, or depressed mood. In order to be diagnosed with PTSD, symptoms must be prevalent for at least one month. As a treatable condition, it is vital that symptoms are evaluated as early as possible.

WHY IDCC?

IDCC has successfully treated a tremendous number of seniors who have been diagnosed with PTSD. Many of our mental health professionals have received advanced training in PTSD, which is vital when treating an older adult. Being that many seniors have had numerous experiences which can trigger PTSD symptoms it is necessary that therapy is facilitated in a careful and systematic manner. Clinicians will create a step-by-step process which allows individuals to recover at their own pace. Visits typically start off on a more frequent basis, and taper off until the senior can manage on her own.

TREATMENT OPTIONS

The traditional supported method of treatment for PTSD in older adults involves interventions like prolonged exposure and cognitive processing therapy. These techniques and procedures directly target the distressing memory and begin the process of eliminating some of the trauma symptoms.

One of IDCC’s trained doctors or therapists will look at those nightmares and flashbacks and work on targeting some of the emotions and thoughts around those specific events and memories in order to help the patient overcome the feelings and begin adjusting to a regular, healthy and trauma free lifestyle.

OCD

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

One of the most common mental illnesses in America, Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder that is prevalent among seniors. Obsessive-Compulsive thoughts and actions take up time and energy.

Seniors suffering from OCD may not be able to maintain a healthy, daily routine while trying to manage these distractions. As the memory and body weakens, many seniors develop anxieties that can trigger obsessive compulsive symptoms. For example, an older adult can begin to worry that they will not be able to get food due to their frail state.

This idea can then cause them to hoard food. A fear of contracting an illness may cause seniors to repeatedly wash their hands. Many of these symptoms can go unnoticed as OCD in seniors can look normal or take on the appearance of other mental health disorders like generalized Anxiety. It is therefore important to receive diagnosis from mental health professionals that are experienced in evaluating older adults.

WHY IDCC?

IDCC clinicians are trained in diagnosing the older adults who are experiencing symptoms of OCD. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder can take on the form of many other mental health issues including Anxiety, Trauma, and Depression, we therefore facilitate a comprehensive analysis to provide a thorough diagnosis.

Seniors many times have caregivers and family members that are also affected. Clinicians ensure those within the patient’s network are fully educated on all matters and can therefore help with the coping process and administering medication if need be.

TREATMENT OPTIONS

OCD is treated with therapy and medication. Seniors with OCD usually respond better to treatment with certain medications and/or exposure-based psychotherapy, in which people face situations that cause fear or Anxiety and become less sensitive (desensitized) to them.

Antidepressants are sometimes used in conjunction with therapy for the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive disorder. Because OCD with seniors often causes issues for caregivers and other family members, your doctor may recommend family therapy, which promotes an understanding of the disorder and can help reduce family conflicts.

Bereavement / Grief

BEREAVEMENT / GRIEF

Coping with the death of a loved one can be difficult for anyone. But for a senior, the experience can be a greater struggle. Health problems, loss of independence, loneliness, and other issues that accompany growing older can compound and heighten grief. Moreover, an emotional support system that used to exist may no longer be in place because peers have passed, and adult children may be busy with their own lives.

The loss of a loved one is one of life’s most stressful experiences and can cause a major emotional crisis. When a death takes place, seniors may experience a wide range of emotions, even when the death is expected. Many older adults are not prepared for the intensity and duration of their emotions or how swiftly their moods may change.

They may even begin to doubt the stability of their mental health. Many seniors report feeling an initial stage of numbness after first learning of a death, but there is no real order to the grieving process.

Common emotions seniors experience after the death of a loved one include:

Denial
Disbelief
Confusion
Shock
Sadness
Yearning
Anger
Humiliation
Despair
Guilt

WHY IDCC?

IDCC’s clinicians recognize the unique steps that are required to help older adults who are going through a Bereavement period. Our mental health counselors understand that each individual reacts differently to the loss of a loved one. Clinicians that help treat Bereavement develop a personalized and comprehensive therapy plan that allows older adults to absorb the impact of a major loss so they can fully recover, move on and live a happier, healthier life.

TREATMENT OPTIONS

For seniors who have trouble coping with their loss, grief counseling or grief therapy is an effective treatment option. The goal of grief therapy is to identify and solve problems the mourner may have in separating from the person who died.

Once those problems are recognized, counseling can then continue to help the bereaved accept the loss by helping them talk about the loss, learn effective modes of coping, and even start new relationships. Grief therapy can be facilitated in private and group settings.

Depression

DEPRESSION

Depression is a common problem among older adults, but it is not a normal part of aging. Certain life experiences that happen as we get older such as the death of a loved one, moving from work into retirement, or dealing with a serious illness, can leave people feeling sad or anxious. Many times, these experiences may cause feelings of uneasiness, stress, and sadness, and after a period of adjustment many older adults can regain their emotional balance. But some adults do not regain their emotional balance and may develop Depression.

Depression in older adults can be difficult to recognize because they may show different symptoms than younger people. For some older adults with Depression, sadness is not their main symptom. They may have other, less obvious symptoms of Depression, or they may not be willing to talk about their feelings.

The following signs and symptoms must be present most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks to be diagnosed with Depression:

Persistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood
Feelings of hopelessness, or pessimism
Irritability
Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness
Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities
Decreased energy or fatigue
Moving or talking more slowly
Feeling restless or having trouble sitting still
Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
Difficulty sleeping, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping
Appetite and/or weight changes
Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts.
Aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems without a clear physical cause and/or that do not ease even with treatment

Research suggests that the following may contribute to Depression:

Some physical health conditions, such as an overactive thyroid or low blood sugar, as well as taking certain medications, may worsen an anxiety disorder. A thorough mental health evaluation is important as anxiety disorders often coexist with other related conditions, such as depression or obsessive-compulsive disorder.

WHY IDCC?

IDCC offers mental health professionals who have experience with the special physical, emotional, and social needs of older patients that allows for a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment. Such care includes listening and responding to the concerns of the older adult, helping families, and when necessary, working with other health care professionals to develop effective approaches to treatment.

Co-existing medical illnesses, medications, and family issues are all aspects that need to be taken into consideration when treating older adults who are experiencing mental illness. IDCC clinicians use their expertise and experience to create a treatment process that integrates a comprehensive program of care, making full recovery attainable.

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Effective treatment of Depression in older adults may require more than one approach and many times may use a number of the following therapies:

Psychotherapy: Ongoing talk therapy can be a source of support for elderly patients. Short term, solution focused therapy (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) can also be effective in helping elderly patients eliminate thinking patterns and behaviors that contribute to depressive symptoms. Research shows that making adjustments for older patients to include addressing physical health and religious/spiritual beliefs improves treatment outcomes.
Support groups: Groups designed to connect older adults experiencing similar issues (Depression, medical conditions, bereavement, etc.) are beneficial in establishing social support and providing a safe space to talk.
Medication: Antidepressants can be prescribed to relieve the symptoms of Depression. Antidepressants can have significant side effects, and elderly patients are sensitive to medications. Medication will be closely monitored by IDCC staff.

Lifestyle changes: Daily exercise, healthy eating habits, and increasing social support are all important in helping elderly patients with Depression.

Friends and family members can help by doing the following:

Schedule group outings
Establish a weekly visit
Assist with transportation to medical appointments
Cook and freeze healthy meals for easy preparation
Help create a system to ease with taking medication regularly

Bipolar Disorder

BIPOLAR DISORDER

Mood changes are natural coping mechanisms for the ups and downs of life, but when mood swings become extreme, occur more frequently, or show up more sporadically, this can be a symptom of bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a mental health disorder characterized by extreme highs and lows in mood and energy.

Those living with bipolar disorder may feel energetic, abnormally happy, and make reckless or impulsive decisions during manic states. Symptoms of bipolar disorder fall into two main categories, depression and mania or hypomania. Those in a depressive state may feel an overwhelming urge to cry, experience feelings of hopelessness, and have a negative outlook on life. Mania, which can last up to three months if untreated, may include symptoms such as high energy, reduced need for sleep and loss of touch with reality. Hypomania is a less severe form of mania.

WHY IDCC?

At Interborough we let patients know that they are not alone. One in five American adults experiences some form of mental illness in any given year. As with other mental illnesses, there is widespread misunderstanding about bipolar disorder. We help patients do the things they enjoy by developing a robust treatment plan that can reduce many of the symptoms. People with mental health conditions can succeed in their careers, make friends and have relationships. While mental illness can create a bump in the road, we believe that these are bumps that can be overcome.

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Proper treatment helps most people living with bipolar disorder control their mood swings and other symptoms. Because bipolar disorder is a chronic illness, treatment must be ongoing. If left untreated, the symptoms of bipolar disorder can get worse. Thus, an early diagnosis which leads to treatment is important. Treating bipolar disorder may include medication, psychotherapy, education, self-management strategies and external support such as family, friends and support groups.

Typically, there is no single approach to treating bipolar disorder. Instead there are two or three different therapies that are used concurrently, in addition to medication.

Therapies may include:

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps change the negative thinking and behavior associated with depression. The goal of this therapy is to recognize negative thoughts and to teach coping strategies.
Family-focused therapy which helps people with bipolar disorder learn about the illness and carry out a treatment plan.
Psychotherapy is focused on self-care and stress regulation, helps a person improve self-care, recognize patterns of the onset of the symptoms and manage stress.

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